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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medications can be a valuable tool to help manage anxiety symptoms. Psychiatrists have extensive training in the use of medication and are able to write the right prescriptions to reduce the risk of side effects. The typical treatment for anxiety disorders is three-pronged, and includes psychotherapy, exercise and medication. SSRIs, the first choice of medications for treating anxiety, can take up to several weeks to work. SSRIs Most anxiety disorders can be treated with SSRIs. The most recent SSRIs have more favorable adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs). There are a variety of SSRIs have been FDA-approved to treat generalized anxiety disorder. This includes fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline, (aka Zoloft), as along with citalopram (aka Celexa). These drugs can boost serotonin in the brain, and could also help increase norepinephrine, or BDNF. They can be used in conjunction with psychotherapy or alone. SSRIs can have side effects, like nausea and digestive problems, but these usually improve as the body gets used to the medication. The exact mechanism of the action of SSRIs on anxiety isn't well known. It is believed that SSRIs hinder serotonin reuptake in post-synaptic neurons and increase the amount of serotonin that is present in the synaptic gaps. This increases the signaling across the synapses, which reduces anxiety symptoms. In panic anxiety disorder to reducing anxiety, SSRIs may reduce the frequency and severity of panic attacks. They can also help with depression and other mental health disorders which often co-occur with anxiety disorders. They can be incorporated into cognitive behavior therapy or psychotherapy to enhance their effectiveness. In contrast to other classes of antidepressants, SSRIs are not believed to be addictive. However, it is essential to follow your prescriptions of your doctor. If you stop taking your medication abruptly it could trigger “discontinuation syndrome” and a return of anxiety-related symptoms. If SSRIs do not work for you, then your doctor might suggest a different antidepressant class, such as nefazodone, or mirtazapine. These drugs are also efficient, but they carry more risk of having side effects than the newer SSRIs. SSRIs may interact with certain food items such as dairy products such as eggs, red meat, as well as some fruits and vegetables. It is advised to avoid these foods if you're taking these medications. In addition it is recommended that you do not drink alcohol while taking SSRIs because this can make it more difficult to deal with certain adverse effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines improve the calming effect of certain chemicals within the nervous system and brain. They enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter named gamma-aminobutyric acids (GABA) that inhibits the nerves' activity. These drugs are effective in treating insomnia, anxiety, and other mental disorders. They can be addictive and should only be used for brief periods under medical supervision. Benzos can be dangerous when used for recreational purposes, or combined with alcohol and other substances. When people have anxiety disorders, they usually turn to medication as their first choice. However this isn't the only option. Psychotherapy or talk therapy has also been shown as a way to reduce anxiety disorder symptoms. There are many different psychotherapies, but cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most well-known and effective. This kind of therapy teaches you to change your thinking and behavior in order to feel less anxious. The most commonly used benzodiazepines are alprazolam (Xanax) as well as chlordiazepoxide (Librium) diazepam (Valium) Clorazepate (Tranxene) as well as lorazepam (Ativan) and quazepam (Dalmane). Each has a unique set of side effects, but they all have similar properties pharmacologically. Clorazepate for instance is more effective at treating seizures compared to other benzodiazepines. Lorazepam on the contrary, is more effective in treating anxiety disorders when than the quazepam. Benzodiazepines can be very effective, however they are not recommended for long-term use since they can lead to tolerance and physical dependence. Additionally, they could lead to withdrawal symptoms in the event that you stop taking them abruptly for a short period of time, such as a pounding heart, sweating and shaking. The symptoms can be uncomfortable and last for a long time. However, they can be minimized if you taper off the medication slowly. Benzodiazepines are extremely addictive and should only be used only for a short duration. In general, not more than four weeks. You must monitor your heart rate, blood pressure and breathing closely during this time so you don't suffer an extremely severe reaction. If you're thinking of taking a benzodiazepine prescription speak with your doctor about your history of substance abuse. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are a kind of medication that helps to treat anxiety symptoms. These medications prevent adrenaline from binding with beta receptors in your nervous system. This is a way to stop the hormone from producing physical reactions such as heart palpitations or tremors. These medications are usually prescribed to treat high blood-pressure and other cardiovascular ailments. However they can also be prescribed off-label for anxiety. If you are stressed, your body releases a chemical known as Adrenaline. This chemical signals your body to prepare itself for fight or flight. Adrenaline binds beta receptors in the brain and heart which causes your heart to beat more quickly and causing other physical reactions. Beta-blockers are class medications used to treat hypertension and other heart-related conditions. They are able to block adrenaline's binding. This assists in lowering your blood pressure and heart rate. Unlike SSRIs and benzodiazepines that take a few weeks or months to make a noticeable difference in your symptoms, beta-blockers are fast-acting. This makes them an excellent choice for those who require immediate relief from anxiety-related symptoms for instance, those who must give an address in public or take a plane. They also make a great option for people with anxiety and chronic heart issues, such as atherosclerosis or congestive heart failure. Beta-blockers can reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety, but they don't address the underlying causes. Therefore, they are typically prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes counseling and lifestyle modifications. They can be beneficial for those who have tried medications for anxiety and found it ineffective or had intolerable side effects. There are many different kinds of beta-blockers, such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will determine which one is right for you depending on your medical history and your health. These medications may cause adverse effects, such as fatigue or low blood pressure. It is essential to discuss the options for treatment with your doctor. MAOIs Monoamine Oxase inhibitors (MAOIs) were developed in the 1950s as an antidepressant, are effective for certain depression and anxiety disorders. They aren't as frequently used as SSRIs and other antidepressants due to the strict dietary restrictions needed as well as the risk of drug interactions. Some MAOIs can be taken by mouth in tablet form, while others (such as Emsam) are available in the form of a transdermal patch that's applied to the skin each day. MAOIs block the actions of MAO and increase the amount of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a role in mood, sleep appetite, sexual function. MAOIs also have anti-anxiety properties. However they are more likely to cause adverse effects than TCAs and SSRIs and are accompanied by warnings on suicide in a box. In addition to the MAOIs mentioned below, your doctor may prescribe additional treatments or medications that could help manage your symptoms. For example, a beta-blocker (such as propranolol) is often prescribed to relieve the physical symptoms of anxiety. Your doctor may recommend a relaxation method or other home remedies to help ease your symptoms. The original MAOI, Iproniazid, was discovered during tuberculosis research in 1952. It was soon discovered to possess mood-enhancing properties and is considered to be the first antidepressant medication. MAOIs should only be used when other antidepressants have failed because they can trigger serious side-effects that require immediate medical attention. It could trigger a serious reaction that can result in high blood pressure if you are taking an MAOI while eating foods that contain tyramine. Tyramine is found in a variety of red meats and cheeses as well as in shellfish, fish and some dietary supplements. Symptoms of this severe reaction include nausea, throbbing headaches vomiting, as well as a fast heart rate. MAOIs can also interact with other medications and cause severe side effects like suicidal thoughts or behavior. Before prescribing MAOIs, your physician will discuss with you the foods you should avoid. They will advise you to stay clear of eating foods that contain tyramine when you are taking the medication. They may also give you the list of foods that is safe to eat when taking MAOIs. The food guide provided will help prevent MAOI-related side effects.